Countries must follow strict carbon emission regulations in their territorial seas or exclusive economic zones to meet their commitments under the Paris Agreement on climate change. However, because the agreement doesn't hold signatories directly accountable for reducing carbon emissions on the high seas, no policies have been proposed to tackle shipping's carbon footprint in these areas. Source: NOAA Ocean Exploration. The high seas cover more than two-thirds of the world's oceans. Shipping activities that rely on carbon-based fuels on the high seas could become a potential obstacle to global efforts toward reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainability goals. Source: Juan L Suarez de Vivero, Department of Human Geography, University of Seville. High-seas shipping is responsible for almost one-third of all global shipping emissions, which exceeds the annual greenhouse gas emission outputs of many mid-sized European countries. Researchers estimate that emissio