KD Sameer

Countries must follow strict carbon emission regulations in their territorial seas or exclusive economic zones to meet their commitments under the Paris Agreement on climate change. However, because the agreement doesn't hold signatories directly accountable for reducing carbon emissions on the high seas, no policies have been proposed to tackle shipping's carbon footprint in these areas.   Source: NOAA Ocean Exploration.   The high seas cover more than two-thirds of the world's oceans. Shipping activities that rely on carbon-based fuels on the high seas could become a potential obstacle to global efforts toward reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainability goals.   Source: Juan L Suarez de Vivero, Department of Human Geography, University of Seville. High-seas shipping is responsible for almost one-third of all global shipping emissions, which exceeds the annual greenhouse gas emission outputs of many mid-sized European countries. Researchers estimate that emiss...

Last year, people in India suffered devastating #heatwaves between March and April ( #summer ), with five times increased #heatwave days and an 8°C higher temperature than the average #temperature between March and April. Further, in the last few months of this year, due to the lack of #winterstorm in the #mediterranean , there may be possibilities that Western Disturbance (WD) shall be ineffective in disorganising the recently growing #warm regions. The WD is a tropical cyclone that originated in the #mediterraneansea and moves towards #india up to south-eastern #nepal and northern #bangladesh . The high-pressure system displayed over regions like #russia , #ukraine , and neighboring countries causes cold air influx from the Polar Regions towards an area of relatively warmer air with significant moisture. Consequently, an extratropical depression that moves eastward is formed in the Mediterranean Sea, resulting in the pressure change from cold to warm air. This creates ideal c...

During the discussion of Terraforming Mars, the "climate change feedback loop" came into the picture. In simple words, the climate change feedback loops are cyclical contraption chain reactions, where one change triggers further changes, and the complete process keeps repeating itself. There are two types of feedback loops, positive and negative. The negative feedback loops tend to dampen or reduce the changes. The system tends to hold some equilibrium state, making it more stable. However, the positive feedback loops enhance or amplify changes. The system tends to move away from its equilibrium state, making it more unstable. The point of concern is that some scientists believe that the carbonation of soil and sea, along with the photosynthesis done by plants and trees, is part of a negative feedback loop. However, in the long run, the same becomes a part of a positive feedback loop. Global warming melting polar ice caps leads to disturbance of ocean currents by salinity dif...

Heliosphere and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation During the discussion on how to harness the  #energy  radiated by the  #sun , to become a type 2  #civilization  characterized by Kardashev, the question arises we are not even close to type 1 civilization, and we are thinking of type 2 and 3. On further discussion, we identified the heliosphere, the protective magnetic bubble generated due to charged particles (electrons and ions or plasma) streaming away from the Sun, which can be a possible explanation of  #cosmic   #microwave   #background  ( #cmb )  #radiation . Considering the heliosphere distance of 100 AU (Astronomical Unit) from the Sun, our  #earth  is approximately at the center of the heliosphere with a distance variation of about 0.01 times the 100 AU. Bingo! If this is true, can microwave photons having an energy of about one micro electron volts (eV) to 0.001 electron volts readily be scattered by the heliosph...